NOVEMBER 7
1917
On November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks leading the Red Guards took over the government buildings in Petrograd, capital of the Russian Empire. The next day they captured the Winter Palace, the seat of the Provisional government. The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split from the Menshevik faction in 1903 at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, very quickly rose in power during the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks originally formed in 1898 in Minsk (Belarus) as a revolutionary socialist political party, with the scope of uniting numerous revolutionaries into one party. Ultimately, the Bolsheviks (meaning "majority") became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1918
Provisional People's Government of the Polish Republic was established in Lublin, Austrian Galicia, on November 7, 1918 following the end of World War One. The government of the newly emerged Polish nation, was also referred to as the Government of of Ignacy Daszyński. It proclaimed the creation of a new constitutional republic based on the primacy of democratic principles, the right to parliamentary elections, nationalization of key industries, as well as social, labour, and land reforms. Among the prominent leaders of the provisional government were Stanisław Thugutt, Minister of Internal Affairs; Tomasz Arciszewski, Minister of Labour; as well as Col. Edward Rydz-Śmigły as the Minister of War and Supreme Commander of the Polish Armed Forces. Ignacy Daszyński became Prime Minister. But on November 14, 1918, the Parliament dissolved itself when Józef Piłsudski became Head of State. Following consultation with Piłsudski, Daszyński's government dissolved itself and a new government formed under Jędrzej Moraczewski. Italy became the first country in Europe to recognise Poland's renewed sovereignty.
1941
The Soviet ship Armenia was sunk on November 7, 1941. At 11:30 am, approximately 25 miles from Yalta, the Armenia was attacked by a Heinkel He 111 medium bomber of Staffel. The enemy dropped two torpedoes: one missed but the other scored a direct hit. The ship broke in two and sank within four minutes. The ship was evacuating civilians and wounded soldiers from Crimea. Approximately 5,000 to 7,000 people perished during the attack and sinking. There were only 8 survivors. It has been cited as the third deadliest maritime disaster in history, after the sinking of German vessels, the Wilhelm Gustloff and the Goya. The Armenia was originally built as a passenger ship for operations on the Black Sea, and it WWII carried military cargo, and wounded soldiers.
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